25.3 The Versatile Role of Nanotechnology and Nanobiotechnology

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metabolites in quantifiable outputs. Some of the herbal drug-loaded nanoparticles

include curcuminoids loaded solid lipid nanoparticles prepared by micro-emulsion

technique with anticancer and antioxidant effect; artemisinin-loaded nanocapsules

prepared by self-assembly method having anticancer potentials; glycyrrhizic acid

loaded nanoparticles with antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory effect prepared

by rota evaporated film ultrasonication method; berberine-loaded nanoparticles

with anticancer effects formulated by ionic gelation procedure; camptothecin

nanoparticles and taxel-loaded nanoparticles both with anticancer effects are

prepared by dialysis method and emulsion solvent evaporation method, respec-

tively, and many more. Coming to the synthesis of synthetic drug molecules, green

synthetic procedures are being adopted by pharmaceutical industries. Established

synthetic procedures for the synthesis of drugs such as Quinapril (used to treat

hypertension and congestive heart failure), celecoxib (anti-inflammatory agent),

sildenafil citrate (oral treatment for erectile dysfunction), etc. have been replaced

with the use of greener solvents and thus eco-friendly procedures [20, 27, 29, 30].

25.3.3

Automobile, Aircraft, Space Travel

Rapid industrializations and tremendous development in science and technology

necessitated frequent movement from place to place in different parts of the world.

The ever-curious mind of man prompted him to explore the space. Space exploration

is required to know the condition of our planet, learn about new resources that will

support the survival, growth and prosperity of the human kind, and also for satisfy-

ing the curiosity of human mind. Safety, reliability, and highest level of performance

are required for space travel. Green nanotechnical approaches can provide materials

that are much safer, efficient, capable of self-repairing, and of low weight. In addi-

tion, it can also influence space exploration with smart costumes, propulsion fuels,

and other life support systems [16].

25.3.4

Sustainable Energy, Building Technology

Technological advancements, changes in lifestyle, industrial development obviously

direct toward increased energy expenditure. Increased demand for energy is likely

to exhaust the fossil fuels in coming future. The situations are further complicated

due to natural calamities, global warming, and increased concentration in green-

house gases. Green nanotechnology can help in energy conservation by developing

solar powered cells, hydrogen storage, fuel cells, power grid, etc. The main focus of

green nanotechnology is to utilize maximally the renewable solar and wind energy

and is in progress in developing highly efficient solar powered cells [16]. Green nan-

otechnology is also likely to open a new paradigm in construction technology where

nanomodification of cement, tailoring of construction materials at nanoscale will

provide with highly efficient, durable, ultrahigh strength yet extremely light weight

materials that will not only increase the speed and durability but the challenges also

lies in improving energy efficiency and heat control of the buildings [16].